Third-generation structures : intelligent high-performance structures for sustainable urban systems

Abstract

Ancient structures, which are herein referred to as first-generation structures, were built with natural materials such as stones, bricks and timbers. Steel and concrete, which are man-made, provided the revolution needed for modern structures (i.e. second-generation structures) to cater for the infrastructure demands generated by rapid economic growths, particularly following World War II. Extensive research is now under way around the world to develop advanced technologies to enhance the performance of structures. While these technological advances are incremental in nature, they will eventually lead to structures which are distinctly different from second-generation structures. These new structures are therefore referred to as third-generation structures. This paper aims to define the features and benefits of third-generation structures and the technological basis for such structures. Current and future research that will provide this technological basis is also discussed, and where appropriate brief reference is made to work being undertaken at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University where the ideas presented in this paper have been collectively formulated under the leadership of the second author