Predictors of intention to exercise to reduce stroke risk among people at risk of stroke : an application of an extended Health Belief Model

Abstract

Purpose: To examine predictors of intention to reduce stroke risk in a sample of at risk individuals through the application of an expanded Health Belief Model (HBM). Research Method: Predictors included stroke knowledge, demographic variables, beliefs about stroke derived from the HBM, and measures of subjective norm and self-efficacy. The dependent variable was intention to reduce stroke risk. Two hundred and seventy six surveys were distributed to participants at three site types: bowling clubs, senior citizens clubs and retirement villages. One hundred and one surveys were returned yielding a response rate of 37%, and data from 76 of these respondents was used for further analysis. Results: With regard to exercise intention, a pattern of significant correlations between HBM variables, subjective norm and self-efficacy was observed. Results of multiple hierarchical regression analyses showed that perceived benefits of undertaking exercise, and self-efficacy in relation exercise were the two most important determinants of exercise intentions. Conclusions: Findings suggest that health beliefs may play an important role in stroke prevention. Practice Implications: Stroke education and prevention programs that selectively target beliefs about the perceived benefits of, and self-efficacy related to, exercise to reduce stroke risk may prove most efficacious.