Thermal Stability of Azurite and Malachite in Relation to the Formation of Mediaeval Glass and Glazes
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Description
Azurite and malachite have been extensively used as pigments in ancient and medieval manuscripts, glasses and glazes. The thermal stability of naturally occurring azurite and malachite was determined using a combination of controlled rate thermal analysis combined with mass spectrometry and infrared emission spectroscopy. Both azurite and malachite thermally decompose in six overlapping stages but the behaviour is different for the two minerals. These stages occur around 282, 328, 350, 369, 384 and 840 degrees Celsius for azurite and 250, 321, 332, 345, 362 and 842 degrees Celsius for malachite. The first two stages are associated with the loss of water, whereas stages 3 and 4 result from the simultaneous loss of water and carbon dioxide. The sixth stage is associated with reduction of cupric oxide to cuprous oxide and finally to copper. Infrared emission spectroscopy shows that dehydroxylation occurs before the loss of carbonate and that the thermal decomposition is complete by 375 degrees Celsius. The implication of this research is that in the preparation of glass or glazes using these two hydroxy-carbonate minerals of copper the samples will decompose at low temperatures and any colour formation in the glass is not due to azurite or malachite.
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ID Code: | 1024 | ||
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Item Type: | Contribution to Journal (Journal Article) | ||
Refereed: | Yes | ||
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Measurements or Duration: | 12 pages | ||
DOI: | 10.1016/S0040-6031(02)00127-2 | ||
ISSN: | 0040-6031 | ||
Pure ID: | 34063090 | ||
Divisions: | Past > QUT Faculties & Divisions > Faculty of Science and Technology Past > QUT Faculties & Divisions > Science & Engineering Faculty Current > Research Centres > Australian Research Centre for Aerospace Automation |
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Copyright Owner: | Consult author(s) regarding copyright matters | ||
Copyright Statement: | This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the document is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to qut.copyright@qut.edu.au | ||
Deposited On: | 15 Apr 2005 00:00 | ||
Last Modified: | 06 May 2024 11:40 |
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