Biomechanics of the human intervertebral disc: a review of testing techniques and results
Newell, Nicolas, Little, Paige, Christou, A., Adams, Michael, Adam, Clayton, & Masouros, Spyros (2017) Biomechanics of the human intervertebral disc: a review of testing techniques and results. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 69, pp. 420-434.
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Description
Many experimental testing techniques have been adopted in order to provide an understanding of the biomechanics of the human intervertebral disc (IVD). The aim of this review article is to amalgamate results from these studies to provide readers with an overview of the studies conducted and their contribution to our current understanding of the biomechanics and function of the IVD. The overview is presented in a way that should prove useful to experimentalists and computational modellers. Mechanical properties of whole IVDs can be assessed conveniently by testing ‘motion segments’ comprising two vertebrae and the intervening IVD and ligaments. Neural arches should be removed if load-sharing between them and the disc is of no interest, and specimens containing more than two vertebrae are required to study ‘adjacent level’ effects. Mechanisms of injury (including endplate fracture and disc herniation) have been studied by applying complex loading at physiologically-relevant loading rates, whereas mechanical evaluations of surgical prostheses require slower application of standardised loading protocols. Results can be strongly influenced by the testing environment, preconditioning, loading rate, specimen age and degeneration, and spinal level. Component tissues of the disc (anulus fibrosus, nucleus pulposus, and cartilage endplates) have been studied to determine their material properties, but only the anulus has been thoroughly evaluated. Animal discs can be used as a model of human discs where uniform non-degenerate specimens are required, although differences in scale, age, and anatomy can lead to problems in interpretation.
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ID Code: | 103284 | ||||
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Item Type: | Contribution to Journal (Journal Article) | ||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||
ORCID iD: |
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Measurements or Duration: | 15 pages | ||||
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.037 | ||||
ISSN: | 1751-6161 | ||||
Pure ID: | 33201692 | ||||
Divisions: | Past > Institutes > Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Past > QUT Faculties & Divisions > Science & Engineering Faculty Past > Schools > School of Chemistry, Physics & Mechanical Engineering |
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Copyright Owner: | Consult author(s) regarding copyright matters | ||||
Copyright Statement: | This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the document is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to qut.copyright@qut.edu.au | ||||
Deposited On: | 01 Feb 2017 01:54 | ||||
Last Modified: | 15 Feb 2025 08:05 |
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