Using bespoke 3D-printed models to improve patient understanding of an encrusted ureteric stent

A 22-year-old man underwent a laparoscopic left pelvic ureteric junction obstruction repair, with a covering ureteric stent. At six weeks postoperatively, an unsuccessful attempt at stent removal was attempted because of mild calcification and patient tolerance. Removal under general anaesthetic was arranged, but the patient did not return despite multiple offered appointments, letters and correspondence. He eventually presented to the emergency department with pain and haematuria 21 months later. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed significant stent encrustation, but the patient self-discharged against medical advice. He re-presented several weeks later and was booked for an elective laser cystolithopaxy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for stent removal. This was performed without complication, and the patient was discharged day two postoperatively when he was stone and stent free...