Stress-Relaxation and Cyclic Behavior of Human Carotid Plaque Tissue
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Description
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a catastrophic event that contributes to mortality and long-term disability. A better understanding of the plaque mechanical behavior is essential for the identification of vulnerable plaques pre-rupture. Plaque is subjected to a natural dynamic mechanical environment under hemodynamic loading. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanical response of plaque tissue under cyclic loading conditions. Moreover, experimental data of such mechanical properties are fundamental for more clinically relevant biomechanical modeling and numerical simulations for risk stratification. This study aims to experimentally and numerically characterize the stress-relaxation and cyclic mechanical behavior of carotid plaque tissue. Instron microtester equipped with a custom-developed setup was used for the experiments. Carotid plaque samples excised at endarterectomy were subjected to uniaxial tensile, stress-relaxation, and cyclic loading protocols. Thirty percent of the underlying load level obtained from the uniaxial tensile test results was used to determine the change in mechanical properties of the tissue over time under a controlled testing environment (Control tests). The stress-relaxation test data was used to calibrate the hyperelastic (neo-Hookean, Ogden, Yeoh) and linear viscoelastic (Prony series) material parameters. The normalized relaxation force increased initially and slowly stabilized toward the end of relaxation phase, highlighting the viscoelastic behavior. During the cyclic tests, there was a decrease in the peak force as a function of the cycle number indicating mechanical distension due to repeated loading that varied with different frequencies. The material also accumulated residual deformation, which increased with the cycle number. This trend showed softening behavior of the samples. The results of this preliminary study provide an enhanced understanding of in vivo stress-relaxation and cyclic behavior of the human atherosclerotic plaque tissue.
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ID Code: | 199147 | ||||||||
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Item Type: | Contribution to Journal (Journal Article) | ||||||||
Refereed: | Yes | ||||||||
ORCID iD: |
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Measurements or Duration: | 13 pages | ||||||||
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Keywords: | carotid plaque, cyclic test, mechanical behavior, stress-relaxation test, tensile test | ||||||||
DOI: | 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00060 | ||||||||
ISSN: | 2296-4185 | ||||||||
Pure ID: | 57039280 | ||||||||
Divisions: | Current > Research Centres > Centre for Materials Science Current > Research Centres > Centre for Biomedical Technologies ?? 1479430 ?? Past > Institutes > Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Past > QUT Faculties & Divisions > Science & Engineering Faculty Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Science Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Engineering Current > Schools > School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering |
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Funding Information: | The authors would like to thank the team at PA Hospital for identifying potential research participants, obtaining patient consent, and providing facilities for a mammogram (low energy X-ray), especially Gillian Jagger. The authors would also like to acknowledge Derrick Maxwell for his assistance in developing the custom designed setup for the experiments. The authors would also like to thank Felicity Lawrence and Kah Meng Lee for their insight and expertise that greatly assisted this research. The authors would also like to acknowledge Tejasri Yarlagadda, Parnia Zaki Khan, and Mark Wellard for their support. Funding. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of the Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and as well as the technical support of QUT?s Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI) histology facility. This study was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) [FT140101152 and DP180103009] and the PA Research Foundation (PARF). | ||||||||
Copyright Owner: | 2020 The Author(s) | ||||||||
Copyright Statement: | This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the document is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to qut.copyright@qut.edu.au | ||||||||
Deposited On: | 20 Apr 2020 08:59 | ||||||||
Last Modified: | 18 May 2024 23:37 |
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