Impact of Turbidity, Hydraulic Retention Time, and Polarity Reversal upon Iron Electrode based Electrocoagulation Pre-Treatment of Coal Seam Gas Associated Water

The applicability of iron (steel) electrodes in a continuous electrocoagulation (EC) process to treat coal seam gas (CSG) associated water comprising of a high level of turbidity (421 NTU) was studied. Key objectives were to understand the influence of turbidity upon water quality when hydraulic retention time (HRT) and polarity reversal time (PRT) were tested using a bench top EC unit. Extension of HRT promoted removal of dissolved alkaline earth ions (Ca 23 to 45 %; Mg 60 to 97 %; Ba 25 to 54 %; Sr 10 to 19 %), silicates (90 to 93 %) and boron (8 to 12.7 %); whereas turbidity was optimally reduced at a HRT value of 30 s (98.5 %). Turbidity particularly promoted magnesium removal which may be due to destabilization of the clay suspension. However, clay particles also inhibited the rate of floc settling. The greater performance of EC with increasing HRT was achieved at a cost of increased consumption of electrodes and electricity. PRT reduced power consumption with an optimal value being at least 5 min (4.12 to 3.88 kWh/kL for PRT values of 1 and 5 min, respectively). Removal rates of dissolved species were not greatly influenced by PRT. Surface passivation at low PRT values produced higher amounts of hydrogen gas which caused the flocs to float. In summary, HRT, PRT, turbidity level and solution composition were critical parameters in relation to the potential use of EC in the CSG industry.