Genetic variants for head size share genes and pathways with cancer

Knol, Maria J., Poot, Raymond A., Evans, Tavia E., Satizabal, Claudia L., Mishra, Aniket, Sargurupremraj, Muralidharan, van der Auwera, Sandra, Duperron, Marie Gabrielle, Jian, Xueqiu, Hostettler, Isabel C., van Dam-Nolen, Dianne H.K., Lamballais, Sander, Pawlak, Mikolaj A., Lewis, Cora E., Carrion-Castillo, Amaia, van Erp, Theo G.M., Reinbold, Céline S., Shin, Jean, Scholz, Markus, Håberg, Asta K., Kämpe, Anders, Li, Gloria H.Y., Avinun, Reut, Atkins, Joshua R., Hsu, Fang Chi, Amod, Alyssa R., Lam, Max, Tsuchida, Ami, Teunissen, Mariël W.A., Aygün, Nil, Patel, Yash, Liang, Dan, Beiser, Alexa S., Beyer, Frauke, Bis, Joshua C., Bos, Daniel, Bryan, R. Nick, Bülow, Robin, Caspers, Svenja, Catheline, Gwenaëlle, Cecil, Charlotte A.M., Dalvie, Shareefa, Dartigues, Jean François, DeCarli, Charles, Enlund-Cerullo, Maria, Ford, Judith M., Franke, Barbara, Freedman, Barry I., Friedrich, Nele, Green, Melissa J., Haworth, Simon, Helmer, Catherine, Hoffmann, Per, Homuth, Georg, Ikram, M. Kamran, Jack, Clifford R., Jahanshad, Neda, Jockwitz, Christiane, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Knodt, Annchen R., Li, Shuo, Lim, Keane, Longstreth, W. T., Macciardi, Fabio, Amouyel, Philippe, Arfanakis, Konstantinos, Aribisala, Benjamin S., Bastin, Mark E., Chauhan, Ganesh, Chen, Christopher, Cheng, Ching Yu, de Jager, Philip L., Deary, Ian J., Fleischman, Debra A., Gottesman, Rebecca F., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Hilal, Saima, Hofer, Edith, Janowitz, Deborah, Jukema, J. Wouter, Liewald, David C.M., Lopez, Lorna M., Lopez, Oscar, Luciano, Michelle, Martinez, Oliver, Niessen, Wiro J., Nyquist, Paul, Rotter, Jerome I., Rundek, Tatjana, Sacco, Ralph L., Schmidt, Helena, Tiemeier, Henning, Trompet, Stella, van der Grond, Jeroen, Völzke, Henry, Wardlaw, Joanna M., Yanek, Lisa, Yang, Jingyun, Agartz, Ingrid, Alhusaini, Saud, Almasy, Laura, Ames, David, Amunts, Katrin, Andreassen, Ole A., Armstrong, Nicola, Bernard, Manon, Blangero, John, Blanken, Laura M.E., Boks, Marco P., Boomsma, Dorret I., Brickman, Adam M., Brodaty, Henry, Buckner, Randy L., Buitelaar, Jan K., Cannon, Dara M., Carr, Vaughan J., Catts, Stanley V., Chakravarty, M. Mallar, Chen, Qiang, Ching, Christopher R.K., Corvin, Aiden, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Curran, Joanne E., Davies, Gareth E., de Geus, Eco J.C., , den Braber, Anouk, Desrivières, Sylvane, Dillman, Allissa, Djurovic, Srdjan, Drevets, Wayne C., Duggirala, Ravi, Ehrlich, Stefan, Erk, Susanne, Espeseth, Thomas, Fedko, Iryna O., Fernández, Guillén, Fisher, Simon E., Foroud, Tatiana M., Ge, Tian, Giddaluru, Sudheer, Glahn, David C., Goldman, Aaron L., Green, Robert C., Greven, Corina U., Grimm, Oliver, Hansell, Narelle K., Hartman, Catharina A., Hashimoto, Ryota, Heinz, Andreas, Henskens, Frans, Hibar, Derrek P., Ho, Beng Choon, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Holmes, Avram J., Hoogman, Martine, Hottenga, Jouke Jan, Hulshoff Pol, Hilleke E., Jablensky, Assen, Jenkinson, Mark, Jia, Tianye, Jöckel, Karl Heinz, Jönsson, Erik G., Kim, Sungeun, Klein, Marieke, Kochunov, Peter, Kwok, John B., Lawrie, Stephen M., Le Hellard, Stephanie, Lemaître, Hervé, Loughland, Carmel, Marquand, Andre F., , Martinot, Jean Luc, Matarin, Mar, Mathalon, Daniel H., Mather, Karen A., Mattay, Venkata S., McDonald, Colm, McMahon, Francis J., , E, Rebekah, McWhirter, Mecocci, Patrizia, Melle, Ingrid, Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas, Michie, Patricia T., Milaneschi, Yuri, Morris, Derek W., Mowry, Bryan, Nho, Kwangsik, Nichols, Thomas E., Nöthen, Markus N., Olvera, Rene L., Oosterlaan, Jaap, Ophoff, Roel A., Pandolfo, Massimo, Pantelis, Christos, Pappa, Irene, Penninx, Brenda, Pike, G. Bruce, Rasser, Paul E., , Reppermund, Simone, Rietschel, Marcella, Risacher, Shannon L., Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina, Rose, Emma Jane, Sachdev, Perminder S., Sämann, Philipp G., Saykin, Andrew J., Schall, Ulrich, Schofield, Peter R., Schramm, Sara, Schumann, Gunter, Scott, Rodney, Shen, Li, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Soininen, Hilkka, Sprooten, Emma, Srikanth, Velandai, Steen, Vidar M., Strike, Lachlan T., Thalamuthu, Anbupalam, Toga, Arthur W., Tooney, Paul, Tordesillas-Gutiérrez, Diana, Turner, Jessica A., Valdés Hernández, Maria del C., van der Meer, Dennis, Van der Wee, Nic J.A., Van Haren, Neeltje E.M., van 't Ent, Dennis, Veltman, Dick J., Walter, Henrik, Weinberger, Daniel R., Weiner, Michael W., Wen, Wei, Westlye, Lars T., Westman, Eric, Winkler, Anderson M., Woldehawariat, Girma, Wright, Margaret J., Wu, Jingqin, Mäkitie, Outi, Mazoyer, Bernard, , Miyamoto, Susumu, Moebus, Susanne, Thompson, Paul M., & other, and (2024) Genetic variants for head size share genes and pathways with cancer. Cell Reports Medicine, 5(5), Article number: 101529.

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Description

The size of the human head is highly heritable, but genetic drivers of its variation within the general population remain unmapped. We perform a genome-wide association study on head size (N = 80,890) and identify 67 genetic loci, of which 50 are novel. Neuroimaging studies show that 17 variants affect specific brain areas, but most have widespread effects. Gene set enrichment is observed for various cancers and the p53, Wnt, and ErbB signaling pathways. Genes harboring lead variants are enriched for macrocephaly syndrome genes (37-fold) and high-fidelity cancer genes (9-fold), which is not seen for human height variants. Head size variants are also near genes preferentially expressed in intermediate progenitor cells, neural cells linked to evolutionary brain expansion. Our results indicate that genes regulating early brain and cranial growth incline to neoplasia later in life, irrespective of height. This warrants investigation of clinical implications of the link between head size and cancer.

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ID Code: 251100
Item Type: Contribution to Journal (Journal Article)
Refereed: Yes
ORCID iD:
de Zubicaray, Greig I.orcid.org/0000-0003-4506-0579
McMahon, Katie L.orcid.org/0000-0002-6357-615X
Measurements or Duration: 16 pages
Keywords: cancer, genetics, genome-wide association study, head circumference, head size, intracranial volume, meta-analysis
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101529
ISSN: 2666-3791
Pure ID: 174747451
Divisions: Current > QUT Faculties and Divisions > Faculty of Health
Current > Schools > School of Clinical Sciences
Current > Schools > School of Biomedical Sciences
Current > Schools > School of Psychology & Counselling
Funding Information: The TWAS analysis in this study is supported by the following funding resource: P30AG066546 (South Texas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center). The 1000BRAINS study was funded by the Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Juelich, Germany. We thank the Heinz Nixdorf Foundation (Germany) for the generous support of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study on which 1000BRAINS is based. We also thank the scientists and the study staff of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study and 1000BRAINS. Funding was also granted by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association (S. Caspers) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreements 785907 (Human Brain Project SGA2; K. Amunts, S. Caspers, and S. Cichon) and 945539 (Human Brain Project SGA3; K. Amunts, S. Caspers, and S. Cichon). The Three-City (3C) Study (Bordeaux and Dijon) is conducted under a partnership agreement between the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the Institut de Santé Publique et Développement of the Victor Segalen Bordeaux 2 University, and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. The 3C Study is also supported by the Caisse Nationale Maladie des Travailleurs Salariés, Direction Générale de la Santé, Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale, Institut de la Longévité, Regional Governments of Aquitaine and Bourgogne, Fondation de France, Ministry of Research-INSERM Program “Cohortes et collections de données biologiques,” French National Research Agency COGINUT (ANR-06-PNRA-005), the Fondation Plan Alzheimer (FCS 2009–2012), and the Caisse Nationale pour la Solidarité et l’Autonomie (CNSA). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement nos. 643417 and 640643, the French National Research Agency (ANR) - France 2030: ANR-18-RHUS-0002 and ANR-23-IAHU-0001, and the University of Bordeaux Initiative of Excellence (IdEX). Part of the computations were performed at the Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center (CBiB), the University of Bordeaux, and the CREDIM (Centre de Ressource et Développement en Informatique Médicale) at University of Bordeaux, on a server infrastructure supported by the Fondation Claude Pompidou. The project is supported through the following funding organizations under the aegis of JPND (www.jpnd.eu ; BRIDGET project): Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council; Austria, Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy; Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research; France, French National Research Agency; Germany, Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Netherlands, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; and United Kingdom, Medical Research Council. The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study has been funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services (contract numbers HHSN268201700001I, HHSN268201700002I, HHSN268201700003I, HHSN268201700004I, and HHSN268201700005I), R01HL087641 and R01HL086694; National Human Genome Research Institute contract U01HG004402; and National Institutes of Health contract HHSN268200625226C. The authors thank the staff and participants of the ARIC study for their important contributions. Infrastructure was partly supported by grant number UL1RR025005, a component of the National Institutes of Health and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. This project was supported in part by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke grant NS087541. Data and samples were collected by the Australian Schizophrenia Research Bank (ASRB), supported by the Australian NHMRC, the Pratt Foundation, Ramsay Health Care, and the Viertel Charitable Foundation. The ASRB was also supported by the Schizophrenia Research Institute (Australia), utilizing infrastructure funding from NSW Health and the Macquarie Group Foundation. DNA analysis was supported by the Neurobehavioral Genetics Unit, using funding from NSW Health. M.J.C. was supported by an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship (1121474), and M.J.C. and M.J.G. were supported by NHMRC project grants 1147644 and 1051672. The authors are deeply indebted to Gael Jobard, Marc Joliot, Emmanuel Mellet, Laurent Petit, and Laure Zago for their contribution to the design, acquisition, and analyses of the BIL&GIN. A.C.-C. was funded by a grant to C.F. from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (054-15-101) and B.M. and F.C. by a grant from the French National Research Agency (ANR) (grant no. 15-HBPR-0001-03) as part of the FLAG-ERA consortium project “MULTI-LATERAL,” a partner project to the European Union’s Flagship Human Brain Project. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) is conducted and supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) in collaboration with the University of Alabama at Birmingham (75N92023D00002 and 75N92023D00005), Northwestern University (75N92023D00004), University of Minnesota (75N92023D00006), and Kaiser Foundation Research Institute (75N92023D00003). CARDIA was also partially supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) and an intra-agency agreement between NIA and NHLBI (AG0005). This manuscript has been reviewed by CARDIA for scientific content. The CROMIS-2 ICH study is funded by the Stroke Association and British Heart Foundation. Funding for genotyping was provided by the UCLH/UCL National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre. The Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health through R01 HL67348, R01 HL092301, R01 NS058700, R01 NS075107, and R01 AG058921 and the General Clinical Research Center at Wake Forest School of Medicine (M01 RR07122 and F32 HL085989). The authors thank the investigators, staff, and participants of the DHS for their valuable contributions. The Duke Neurogenetics Study (DNS) was supported by Duke University as well as National Institutes of Health grants R01DA033369 and R01DA031579. R.A., A.R.K., and A.R.H. received further support from National Institutes of Health grant R01AG049789. We are grateful to all the participants of the Epidemiological Prevention Study Zoetermeer (EPOZ). We would like to thank Dr. Ir. Natalie Terzikhan for imputing the genetic data. The Erasmus Stroke Study (ESS) was supported by Stroke Research Foundation and Erasmus MC MRACE grants. This work was supported by the National Center for Research Resources at the National Institutes of Health (grant numbers NIH 1 U24 RR021992 [Function Biomedical Informatics Research Network] and NIH 1 U24 RR025736-01 [Biomedical Informatics Research Network Coordinating Center]), the National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health through grant UL1 TR000153, and the National Institutes of Health through 5R01MH094524 and P20GM103472. J.M.F. was funded by the Veterans Administration (1IK6CX002519). This work was supported by the NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study (contracts N01-HC-25195, HHSN268201500001I, and 75N92019D00031) and its contract with Affymetrix, Inc., for genotyping services (contract no. N02-HL-6-4278). A portion of this research utilized the Linux Cluster for Genetic Analysis (LinGA-II) funded by the Robert Dawson Evans Endowment of the Department of Medicine at Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center. This study was also supported by grants from the National Institute of Aging (R01s AG033040, AG033193, AG054076, AG049607, AG008122, AG016495, U01-AG049505, AG052409, AG058589, and RF1AG059421) and the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01-NS017950). We would like to thank the dedication of the Framingham Study participants as well as the Framingham Study team, especially investigators and staff from the Neurology group, for their contributions to data collection. C.D. is supported by the Alzheimer’s Disease Center (P30 AG 010129) and by National Institute on Aging grants R01AG054076 and P30 AG072972. The views expressed in this manuscript are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NHLBI, the National Institutes of Health, or the US Department of Health and Human Services. The Generation R Study was supported by ZonMw (TOP project 91211021 [T.W.]), the Sophia Foundation (grant S18-20 [R.L.M.]), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (no. 733206 LifeCycle Project [S. Lamballais], no. 848158 EarlyCause Project [C.A.M.C.], and Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 707404 [C.A.M.C.]). The Generation R Study is conducted by the Erasmus Medical Center in close collaboration with the School of Law and Faculty of Social Sciences of the Erasmus University Rotterdam; the Municipal Health Service Rotterdam Area, Rotterdam; the Rotterdam Homecare Foundation, Rotterdam; and the Stichting Trombosedienst & Artsenlaboratorium Rijnmond (STAR-MDC), Rotterdam. We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of children and parents, general practitioners, hospitals, midwives, and pharmacies in Rotterdam. The general design of the Generation R Study is made possible by financial support from the Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam; the Erasmus University Rotterdam; the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport; and the Ministry of Youth and Families. The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) is a collaboration between HUNT Research Center (Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU – Norwegian University of Science and Technology), Nord-Trøndelag County Council, Central Norway Health Authority, and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. HUNT MRI was funded by the liaison committee between the Central Norway Regional Health Authority and the Norwegian University of Science and Technology as well as the Norwegian National Advisory Unit for functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Institute of Mental Health (IMH) study was supported by research grants from the National Healthcare Group, Singapore (SIG/05004 and SIG/05028), and the Singapore Bioimaging Consortium (RP C-009/2006) research grants awarded to K. Sim. The Internet-based Students HeAlth Research Enterprise (i-Share) study is conducted by the Universities of Bordeaux and Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (France). The i-Share study has received funding from the French National Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR]) via the “Investissements d’Avenir” program (grant number ANR-10-COHO-05) and from the University of Bordeaux Initiative of Exellence (IdEX). This project has also received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 640643. The 3C Study is conducted under a partnership agreement among the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the University of Bordeaux, and Sanofi-Aventis. The Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale funded the preparation and initiation of the study. S. Debette has received investigator-initiated research funding from the French National Research Agency (ANR) and from the Fondation Leducq. This work was supported by the National Foundation for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders, the Institut Pasteur de Lille, the LabEx DISTALZ, and the Centre National de Génotypage. This project is an EU Joint Program - Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND) project. The project is supported through the following funding organizations under the aegis of JPND (www.jpnd.eu ): Australia, National Health and Medical Research Council; Austria, Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy; Canada, Canadian Institutes of Health Research; France, French National Research Agency; Germany, Federal Ministry of Education and Research; Netherlands, The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development; and United Kingdom, Medical Research Council. In addition, S. Debette is supported by a grant overseen by the French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the Investment for the Future Program ANR-18-RHUS-0002. Part of the computations were performed at the Bordeaux Bioinformatics Center (CBiB), University of Bordeaux, and at the CREDIM at University of Bordeaux, on a server infrastructure supported by the Fondation Claude Pompidou. LIFE-Adult is supported by LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, an organizational unit affiliated to the Medical Faculty of the University of Leipzig. LIFE is funded by means of the European Union, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by funds of the Free State of Saxony within the framework of the excellence initiative (project numbers 713–241202, 713–241202, 14505/2470, and 14575/2470). We thank all participants and Kerstin Wirkner, Ulrike Scharrer, Katrin Arelin, and everyone involved in MRI data acquisition and analysis. The Nagahama Prospective Genome Cohort for Comprehensive Human Bioscience is grateful to the Nagahama City Office and the nonprofit organization Zeroji Club for their help in conducting the study. This project is supported by operational funds of Kyoto University and the Top Global University Project of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) in Japan. We also receive Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and research grants from the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development for the Practical Research Project for Rare/Intractable Diseases and the Comprehensive Research on Aging and Health Science for Dementia R&D. M.-G.D. received a grant from the Fondation Bettencourt Schueller. As part of the Poznan MS study, M.A.P. reported receiving grants from the Polish National Science Centre: 2011/01/D/NZ4/05801. The Rotterdam Study (RS) is funded by Erasmus Medical Center and Erasmus University, Rotterdam; the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw); the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (RIDE); the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science; the Ministry for Health, Welfare and Sports; the European Commission (DG XII); and the Municipality of Rotterdam. The authors are grateful to the study participants, the staff from the Rotterdam Study, and the participating general practitioners and pharmacists. The generation and management of GWAS genotype data for the Rotterdam Study (RS I, RS II, and RS III) were executed by the Human Genotyping Facility of the Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands. The GWAS datasets are supported by the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research NWO Investments (no. 175.010.2005.011, 911-03-012); the Genetic Laboratory of the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC; the Research Institute for Diseases in the Elderly (014-93-015; RIDE2); the Netherlands Genomics Initiative (NGI)/Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO); and Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NCHA) project no. 050-060-810. We thank Pascal Arp, Mila Jhamai, Marijn Verkerk, Lizbeth Herrera, Marjolein Peters, and Carolina Medina-Gomez for their help in creating the GWAS database and Karol Estrada, Yurii Aulchenko, and Carolina Medina-Gomez for the creation and analysis of imputed data. H.H.H.A. is supported by ZonMw grant number 916.19.151. Study of Health in Pomerania - TREND (SHIP-TREND) is part of the Community Medicine Research net of the University of Greifswald, Germany, which is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant nos. 01ZZ9603, 01ZZ0103, and 01ZZ0403), the Ministry of Cultural Affairs, and the Social Ministry of the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. MRI scans and genome-wide SNP typing in SHIP-TREND have been supported by a joint grant from Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany and the Federal State of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. The University of Greifswald is a member of the Caché Campus program of the InterSystems GmbH. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada fund the Saguenay Youth Study (SYS). Computations were performed on the GPC supercomputer at the SciNet HPC Consortium. SciNet is funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation under the auspices of Compute Canada, the Government of Ontario, Ontario Research Fund - Research Excellence, and the University of Toronto. This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resource under application number 23509. Vitamin D Intervention in Infants (VIDI) is supported by the Finnish Medical Foundation, the Academy of Finland, the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, the Swedish Research Council, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, Finska Läkaresällskapet, and the Folkhälsan Research Foundation. We want to thank Dr. Helena Hauta-alus, Dr. Elisa Holmlund-Suila, Dr. Saara Valkama, and Dr. Jenni Rosendahl for their contribution in acquiring the data.
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