?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Metabolic+and+ecological+study+of+environmental+pentose+utilizing+bacteria+(E-PUB)&rft.creator=Sharmin%2C+Farhana&rft.subject=pentose+utilizing+bacteria+(E-PUB)%2C+metabolic+study%2C+ecological+study&rft.description=Lignocellulosic+materials%2C+such+as+sugar+cane+bagasse%2C+a+waste+product+of+the+sugarcane+processing+industry%2C+agricultural+residues+and+herbaceous+crops%2C+may+serve+as+an+abundant+and+comparatively+cheap+feedstock+for+largescale+industrial+fermentation%2C+resulting+in+the+production+of+marketable+end-products.+However%2C+the+complex+structure+of+lignocellulosic+materials%2C+the+presence+of+various+hexose+and+pentose+sugars+in+the+hemicellulose+component%2C+and+the+presence+of+various+compounds+that+inhibit+the+organisms+selected+for+the+fermentation+process%2C+all+constitute+barriers+that+add+to+the+production+costs+and+make+full+scale+industrial+production+economically+less+feasible.+The+work+presented+in+this+thesis+was+conducted+in+order+to+screen+microorganisms+for+ability+to+utilize+pentose+sugars+derived+from+the+sugar+mill+industrial+waste.+A+large+number+of+individual+bacterial+strains+were+investigated+from+hemi-cellulose+rich+material+collected+at+the+Proserpine+and+Maryborough+sugar+mills%2C+notably+soil+samples+from+the+mill+sites.+The+research+conducted+to+isolation+of+six+pentose-capable+Gram-positive+organisms+from+the+actinomycetes+group+by+using+pentose+as+a+sole+carbon+source+in+the+cultivation+process.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+isolates+were+identified+as+Corynebacterium+glutamicum%2C+Actinomyces+odontolyticus%2C+Nocardia+elegans%2C+and+Propionibacterium+freudenreichii+all+of+which+were+isolated+from+the+hemicellulose-enriched+soil.+Pentose+degrading+microbes+are+very+rare+in+the+environment%2C+so+this+was+a+significant+discovery.+Previous+research+indicated+that+microbes+could+degrade+pentose+after+genetic+modification+but+the+microbes+discovered+in+this+research+were+able+to+naturally+utilize+pentose.%0D%0A%0D%0ASix+isolates%2C+identified+as+four+different+genera%2C+were+investigated+for+their+ability+to+utilize+single+sugars+as+substrates+(glucose%2C+xylose%2C+arabinose+or+ribose)%2C+and+also+dual+sugars+as+substrates+(a+hexose+plus+a+pentose).+The+results+demonstrated+that+C.+glutamicum%2C+A.+odontolyticus%2C+N.+elegans%2C+and+P.+freudenreichii+were+pentose-capable+(able+to+grow+using+xylose+or+other+pentose+sugar)%2C+and+also+showed+diauxie+growth+characteristics+during+the+dual-sugar+(glucose%2C+in+combination+with+xylose%2C+arabinose+or+ribose)+carbon+source+tests.+In+addition%2C+it+was+shown+that+the+isolates+displayed+very+small+differences+in+growth+rates+when+grown+on+dual+sugars+as+compared+to+single+sugars%2C+whether+pentose+or+hexose+in+nature.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+anabolic+characteristics+of+C.+glutamicum%2C+A.+odontolyticus%2C+N.+elegans+and+P.+freudenreichii+were+subsequently+investigated+by+qualitative+analysis+of+their+end-products%2C+using+high+performance+liquid+chromatography+(HPLC).+All+of+the+organisms+produced+arginine+and+cysteine+after+utilization+of+the+pentose+substrates+alone.+In+addition%2C+P.+freudenreichii+produced+alanine+and+glycine.+The+end-product+profile+arising+from+culture+with+dual+carbon+sources+was+also+tested.+Interestingly%2C+this+time+the+product+was+different.+All+of+them+produced+the+amino+acid+glycine%2C+when+grown+on+a+combination+substrate-mix+of+glucose+with+xylose%2C+and+also+glucose+with+arabinose.+Only+N.+elegans+was+able+to+break+down+ribose%2C+either+singly+or+in+combination+with+glucose%2C+and+the+end-product+of+metabolism+of+the+glucose+plus+ribose+substrate+combination+was+glutamic+acid.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+ecological+analysis+of+microbial+abundance+in+sugar+mill+waste+was+performed+using+denaturing+gradient+gel+electrophoresis+(DGGE)+and+also+the+metagenomic+microarray+PhyloChip+method.+Eleven+solid+samples+and+seven+liquid+samples+were+investigated.+A+very+complex+bacterial+ecosystem+was+demonstrated+in+the+seven+liquid+samples+after+testing+with+the+PhyloChip+method.+It+was+also+shown+that+bagasse+leachate+was+the+most+different%2C+compared+to+all+of+the+other+samples%2C+by+virtue+of+its+richness+in+variety+of+taxa+and+the+complexity+of+its+bacterial+community.+The+bacterial+community+in+solid+samples+from+Proserpine%2C+Mackay+and+Maryborough+sugar+mills+showed+huge+diversity.+The+information+found+from+16S+rDNA+sequencing+results+was+that+the+bacterial+genera+Brevibacillus%2C+Rhodospirillaceae%2C+Bacillus%2C+Vibrio+and+Pseudomonas+were+present+in+greatest+abundance.+In+addition%2C+Corynebacterium+was+also+found+in+the+soil+samples.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+metagenomic+studies+of+the+sugar+mill+samples+demonstrate+two+important+outcomes%3A+firstly+that+the+bagasse+leachate%2C+as+potentially+the+most+pentose-rich+sample+tested%2C+had+the+most+complex+and+diverse+bacterial+community%3B+and+secondly+that+the+pentose-capable+isolates+that+were+initially+discovered+at+the+beginning+of+this+study%2C+were+not+amongst+the+most+abundant+taxonomic+groups+discovered+in+the+sugar+mill+samples%2C+and+in+fact+were%2C+as+suspected%2C+very+rare.+As+a+bioprospecting+exercise%2C+therefore%2C+the+study+has+discovered+organisms+that+are+naturally+present%2C+but+in+very+small+numbers%2C+in+the+appropriate+natural+environment.+This+has+implications+for+the+industrial+application+of+E-PUB%2C+in+that+a+seeding+process+using+a+starter+culture+will+be+necessary+for+industrial+purposes%2C+rather+than+simply+assuming+that+natural+fermentation+might+occur.&rft.publisher=Queensland+University+of+Technology&rft.date=2012&rft.type=Thesis&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.qut.edu.au%2F60051%2F1%2FFarhana_Sharmin_Thesis.pdf&rft.rights=free_to_read&rft.relation=Sharmin%2C+Farhana+(2012)+Metabolic+and+ecological+study+of+environmental+pentose+utilizing+bacteria+(E-PUB).+PhD+thesis%2C+Queensland+University+of+Technology.&rft.id_number=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.qut.edu.au%2F60051%2F&rft.identifier=Faculty+of+Health