?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rft.title=Modelling+users'+contextual+querying+behaviour+for+web+image+searching&rft.creator=Tseng%2C+Liang-Chun&rft.subject=Web+image+searching%2C+Web+image+searching+modeling%2C+Web+image+searching+behavior%2C+Web+image+query+reformulation%2C+contextual+image+search+modeling%2C+contextual+Web+image+search%2C+Web+image+search+context%2C+image+search%2C+image+query+formulation&rft.subject=query+reformulation%2C+search+pattern%2C+search+strategy&rft.description=The+rapid+growth+of+visual+information+on+Web+has+led+to+immense+interest+in+multimedia+information+retrieval+(MIR).+While+advancement+in+MIR+systems+has+achieved+some+success+in+specific+domains%2C+particularly+the+content-based+approaches%2C+general+Web+users+still+struggle+to+find+the+images+they+want.%0D%0A%0D%0ADespite+the+success+in+content-based+object+recognition+or+concept+extraction%2C+the+major+problem+in+current+Web+image+searching+remains+in+the+querying+process.%0D%0A%0D%0ASince+most+online+users+only+express+their+needs+in+semantic+terms+or+objects%2C+systems+that+utilize+visual+features+(e.g.%2C+color+or+texture)+to+search+images+create+a+semantic+gap+which+hinders+general+users+from+fully+expressing+their+needs.+In+addition%2C+query-by-example+(QBE)+retrieval+imposes+extra+obstacles+for+exploratory+search+because+users+may+not+always+have+the+representative+image+at+hand+or+in+mind+when+starting+a+search+(i.e.+the+page+zero+problem).+As+a+result%2C+the+majority+of+current+online+image+search+engines+(e.g.%2C+Google%2C+Yahoo%2C+and+Flickr)+still+primarily+use+textual+queries+to+search.%0D%0A%0D%0AThe+problem+with+query-based+retrieval+systems+is+that+they+only+capture+users%E2%80%99+information+need+in+terms+of+formal+queries%3B%3B+the+implicit+and+abstract+parts+of+users%E2%80%99+information+needs+are+inevitably+overlooked.+Hence%2C+users+often+struggle+to+formulate+queries+that+best+represent+their+needs%2C+and+some+compromises+have+to+be+made.+Studies+of+Web+search+logs+suggest+that+multimedia+searches+are+more+difficult+than+textual+Web+searches%2C+and+Web+image+searching+is+the+most+difficult+compared+to+video+or+audio+searches.+Hence%2C+online+users+need+to+put+in+more+effort+when+searching+multimedia+contents%2C+especially+for+image+searches.%0D%0A%0D%0AMost+interactions+in+Web+image+searching+occur+during+query+reformulation.+While+log+analysis+provides+intriguing+views+on+how+the+majority+of+users+search%2C+their+search+needs+or+motivations+are+ultimately+neglected.+User+studies+on+image+searching+have+attempted+to+understand+users%E2%80%99+search+contexts+in+terms+of+users%E2%80%99+background+(e.g.%2C+knowledge%2C+profession%2C+motivation+for+search+and+task+types)+and+the+search+outcomes+(e.g.%2C+use+of+retrieved+images%2C+search+performance).+However%2C+these+studies+typically+focused+on+particular+domains+with+a+selective+group+of+professional+users.+General+users%E2%80%99+Web+image+searching+contexts+and+behaviors+are+little+understood+although+they+represent+the+majority+of+online+image+searching+activities+nowadays.%0D%0A%0D%0AWe+argue+that+only+by+understanding+Web+image+users%E2%80%99+contexts+can+the+current+Web+search+engines+further+improve+their+usefulness+and+provide+more+efficient+searches.%0D%0A%0D%0AIn+order+to+understand+users%E2%80%99+search+contexts%2C+a+user+study+was+conducted+based+on+university+students%E2%80%99+Web+image+searching+in+News%2C+Travel%2C+and+commercial+Product+domains.+The+three+search+domains+were+deliberately+chosen+to+reflect+image+users%E2%80%99+interests+in+people%2C+time%2C+event%2C+location%2C+and+objects.%0D%0A%0D%0AWe+investigated+participants%E2%80%99+Web+image+searching+behavior%2C+with+the+focus+on+query+reformulation+and+search+strategies.+Participants%E2%80%99+search+contexts+such+as+their+search+background%2C+motivation+for+search%2C+and+search+outcomes+were+gathered+by+questionnaires.+The+searching+activity+was+recorded+with+participants%E2%80%99+think+aloud+data+for+analyzing+significant+search+patterns.+The+relationships+between+participants%E2%80%99+search+contexts+and+corresponding+search+strategies+were+discovered+by+Grounded+Theory+approach.+Our+key+findings+include+the+following+aspects%3A+%0D%0A%0D%0A-+Effects+of+users'+interactive+intents+on+query+reformulation+patterns+and+search+strategies+%0D%0A-+Effects+of+task+domain+on+task+specificity+and+task+difficulty%2C+as+well+as+on+some+specific+searching+behaviors+%0D%0A-+Effects+of+searching+experience+on+result+expansion+strategies+%0D%0A%0D%0AA+contextual+image+searching+model+was+constructed+based+on+these+findings.+The+model+helped+us+understand+Web+image+searching+from+user+perspective%2C+and+introduced+a+context-aware+searching+paradigm+for+current+retrieval+systems.+A+query+recommendation+tool+was+also+developed+to+demonstrate+how+users%E2%80%99+query+reformulation+contexts+can+potentially+contribute+to+more+efficient+searching.&rft.publisher=Queensland+University+of+Technology&rft.date=2012&rft.type=Thesis&rft.format=application%2Fpdf&rft.relation=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.qut.edu.au%2F61049%2F1%2FLiang-Chun_Tseng_Thesis.pdf&rft.rights=free_to_read&rft.relation=Tseng%2C+Liang-Chun+(2012)+Modelling+users'+contextual+querying+behaviour+for+web+image+searching.+PhD+thesis%2C+Queensland+University+of+Technology.&rft.id_number=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.qut.edu.au%2F61049%2F&rft.identifier=Science+%26+Engineering+Faculty